Today, Natalie and I went to the grocery store. We found the gelatin capsules she likes (see picture) that you can put in hot water and "hatch" dinosaurs or other fun critters. We got dinosaurs and sea animals. As we were walking through the store she asked, "How many do we
(meaning Natalie, Kira and Tia) each get?" She started to wildly guess... 5, no 3, no 6.... I stopped her and said, "Let's see if we can figure it out."

She looked very puzzled. I asked her how many capsules were in the package. She looked and said 12.
I asked her how many little girls there were and she said 3!
As she was looking at the package she noticed that the capsules were arranged in 3 columns and she pointed that out to me. I asked her why that was important and she said there were 3 rows (that's what she called the columns) and 3 girls so they could each get all the ones in the row. I asked her how many that would be and she said 4!
Whoa. I believe we've just started exploring the concept of breaking a big number down into smaller numbers!
Then, she said, but we each get 8! There are two packages and we get 4 from each package so 4 + 4 = 8.
I was so proud! My little math girl!We continued to discuss how many each little girl would get since there were 3 little girls and 12 capsules in one package. When I thought she "got it" I asked her what if there were only 9 dinosaurs... Then how many would each little girl get? She counted on her fingers and proudly told me 3!
She's starting to get it! Later, Grandma F asked her how many would each little girl get if there were 15 capsules. We hit a limit in terms of fingers and
working memory for Natalie. I gave her a piece of paper and asked her to try to figure it out, but she didn't know what to do with the paper. I then drew 15 lines but I drew them in sets of 3 and counted to 15 as I drew them for her. I drew....
||| (and counted 1, 2, 3)
||| (4, 5, 6)
||| (7, 8, 9)
||| (10, 11, 12)
||| (13, 14, 15)
I then asked her how many would each little girl get if there were 15 capsules in the package. She instantly said 5! She is getting it (when the artifact is arranged in a meaningful manner).
I'm going to spend a moment being geeky and discussing the last interaction in terms of sociocultural theory of Cognitive Development (Vygotsky). I'm thinking Vygotsky would be thrilled that I have a great example of how higher mental functions emerge through socially shared processes.
What I wrote about above is the first stage of internalizing a socially shared process. Vygotsky believed as children master an understanding, they have to master the understanding twice. First they "get it" at the
intermental level. This means they are understanding what is happening with the help of another through the social interaction, or in the
space between the two minds. In this example, I do most of the work and Natalie follows along. As Natalie understands the work she will internalize what occurred when we were together, and then she will do the process for solving the problem on her own or at the
intramental level.
(
You can visit this web page if you want to learn more about Vygotsky.)
Vygotsky would also be thrilled to note that in addition to the social interaction, we were using psychological and cultural tools (counting sets of numbers and drawing on paper) to help mediate her thinking. Vygotsky also believes cultural tools significantly shape thinking.
We could also discuss the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). The ZPD is defined as the distance between what a learner can do on their own to what a learner can do when assisted by someone who has already mastered the material. On her own, Natalie couldn't figure out what she needed to do to solve the problem of "How many dinosaurs would each little girl get (3 little girls) if there were 15 capsules in the package?" When I started drawing the picture, Natalie and I entered the Zone.
What's important is that the learner has to be nearly ready for assistance. In this case, Natalie was ready for me to help her understand the problem and I was able to support her learning through social interaction and cultural and psychological tools. There are some things that I couldn't have explained to Natalie about numbers regardless of how long, or of how many different ways I tried because she wouldn't be ready to learn them. The ZPD is all about what the learner is ready for
next.
Okay... there's more we could discuss about Vygotskian theory, but we'll save it for another day.